1. What is battery, and power sources?

DC and chemical energy can be transformed into each other. The divice which could be repeatedly used to provide power souces is battery. Commonly used batteries include lead acid, Ni-Cd, Nickel-hydrogen and Lithium-ion battery. The open circuit voltage of lead acid battery is 2.0V, open circuit voltage of Ni-Cd battery and Nickel-hydrogen battery is 1.2V, open circuit voltage of Lithium-ion battery is 3.6V.

2. Commonly used lead-acid batteries?

The end-use can be divided into Start-type, fixed, traction power and storage energy batteries

3. How to calculate the capacity of lead acid battery?

In provided conditions, A fully-charged batteries’s power(Ah) capacity equals the Number of positive plates multipied by the capacity of single positive plate.

4. Whether the pure water can be used in battery?

No, because the proportion of impurities in water is much higher than pure water, battey electrolyte must match JB/T10053—1999 standard.

5. What is the relationship between float charging voltage and temperature?

The temperature coefficient varies when temperature changed. Strictly speaking,from 10～35?C,the floating charge voltage will decrease 3mV/cell with every increase of 1℃; contrarily,the floating charge voltage will increase 3mV/cell with every decrease of 1℃.

6. The main alloys of the lead acid battery.

The main alloys of the lead acid battery includes lead-antimony alloy, lead low-antimony alloy, lead and antimony alloy of lead calcium alloy.

7. The Charging methods of lead acid battery.

There are Constant current charge, Constant pressure limiting charge ,Constant voltage charge,Equalizing charge,Floating voltage charge and Pulse fast charge.

8. When should a deep-cycle battery be used?

Deep-cycle batteries are used when 50% or more of the capacity is used per cycle. The most common use of deep-cycle batteries is in applications that require deep, repetitive drain, like powerful car audio systems, trolling motors, golf carts,electric wheelchairs,. Public safety and high-performance vehicles are other applications that call for the special characteristics of deep-cycle batteries.

9. Why fever when charging Lead-acid battery?

When charging battery, electrical energy is converted to chemical energy

, but there are still some energy changes to heat and other energy, so fever is normal, But the high temperature should be promptly checked to make sure whether the battery is charging too much or

internal short-circuit, fever is less connetion with quantity of electrolyte. when less quantity of electrolyte  it will take the Increased internal resistance, Battery warming and Charging a high-voltage.

10. What is a floating charge and equalizing charge?

Floating charge: When the normal power supply disruption to the battery-powered circuit.the battery terminals always with the Constant voltage power supply to keep the battery full charged.Equalizing charge: Renewal charge of keeping every cell of battery full charging.

11.Why does the temperature rise after new electrolyte is filled to the battery?

Temperature rise and internal factors related to the new battery,when fill the new electrolyte to the battery and dry battery.

12. How to judge if the battery has sufficient power when charged by Current limit and constant pressure?

There are two basis 1). Charging time lasting 18-24hours. 2). The charge current to the minimum and keep 3 hours unchanged.

13.The reasons of Plate of sulfuric acid?

1). Initial charge inadequate or last Disrupted of charge time.

2) .Lack of long-term rechargeable battery

3) . After the failure to discharge charge

4) . Often excessive charge or Small current deep discharge.

5) . Electrolyte high density or battery temperature is too high.

6) . Battery shelved a long time and do not Regularly charge.

7) . Electrolyte impure and self discharge.

8). Internal short circuit or Battery surface water leakage caused more.

9) . Low Level of internal battery electrolyte takes the plate the exposed part of the plate sulfate .

14.The requirements to store the battery in place.

Good ventilation, Drying (preferably with air conditioning),keep the temperature around 25℃, Stronger ground afford ability, charge when Saved three months.

15. The reasons for the battery leaking and Solution. Reason:

a) Sealant aging have led to seal the cracks

b) Heavy charged,mix using the difference model batteries, Poor gas efficiency of the battery.

c) False leakage.

16.How to fix when found the Inadequate capacity of the battery pack?

1) Equalizing charge the full battery pack in 18-24hours.

2) Added charged for the Inadequate capacity battery.

17. What is the meaning of Electric vehicle batteries 6 -DZM-10

"6" on behalf of composed by the six single-cells, "DZM" is "electric Bicycle sealed lead-acid batteries." "10" that two hours rate the Nominal capacity is 10 AH;

18. What is the difference between Electric vehicles, sealed batteries and UPS sealed lead-acid batteries ?

The battery can be divided into deep cycle using and float using , deep cycle is fully charged then charging out of power, then power supplied by the battery; float using refers to the battery has always been connected to the power, the power charge a small battery to supplement the loss of electricity due to self-discharge of the battery and other reasons, once power out, the battery provide power to load. So UPS batteries is float using, and electric vehicles Battery is deep cycle using, they are different in formula and structure, and they can not be mutually interchangeable.

19. What is the difference between Gel batteries and sealed lead-acid batteries?

A: The electrolyte of the Gel battery is jelly, AGM battery is flow sulfuric acid, as the colloidal unique physical and chemical nature, the performances as life safety and other areas of Gel battery are better than AGM batteries.

20. What is the harm of over discharge of the battery?

A: During the discharge process, the active substances of positive and negative electrode are gradually transformed into PbSO4 of great resistance and consumption of sulphuric acid electrolyte, form a large and hard PbSO4 crystal on plate easily, it is "Sulfate irreversible"  which will weaken the charge acceptance of battery and particularly hazardous.

21. What is the relationship between life of battery and initial capacity ?

A: The capacity of the battery impacted by the utilization of the active substance and the lead plate have been restricted to a certain extent due to the certain dimension of battery, board-level quality, only increasing the utilization of physical activity can increase capacity. To improve battery capacity, increase the rate of natural , the contenct of PbO2 content, the proportion of sulfuric acid, but these measures will accelerate the softening of positive plates, speed up the decay of the battery, active substances will have expansion and contraction during the process of charging and discharging (in particular the positive plates), deeper discharge, bigger expansion of active substances, accelerated softening more. Therefore, too large initial capacity directly impact on the number of battery charging and discharging, of course, the initial amount can not be too smal and should meet the use requirements.

22. High-voltage means high capacity ?

A: That is two concepts of battery voltage and capacity, voltage related to electrode materials and the concentration of electrolyte. Capacity is released by the electrochemical reaction of active material and related to the volume of active substance, reaction conditions and the use of Rate, connections. Therefore, we can not be said that higher voltage means higher capacity.

23. What is performance of Temperature impact on the battery ?

A: The higher temperature, increase the activity of the active substance of the cells, lower the viscosity of electrolyte, reduce resistance, electrochemical reaction easier, otherwise not easily. Discharge at the lower temperature, release lower capacity, on the contrary of high-temperature; lower temperature charging, poorer charge acceptance, the higher charge voltage required to be fully charged, on the contrary of higher temperature. The changement of the temperature directly impact on battery charge and discharge performance.

24 . What is the termination of the battery voltage ? How much is Termination of the battery voltage?

The termination voltage is the minimum voltage discharge to be repeated again under the conditions at 25 ℃. Different discharge rate, different termination voltage. The majority of termination voltage is 1.8 V /cell when 10 hrs rate discharge, 1.75 V /cell when 2 hrs rate discharge.